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Speaker: Erez UrbachTitle: The string/black hole transition in anti de Sitter spaceVenue: CMSA Room G10Speaker: Erez Urbach, Weizmann Institute of Science Title: The string/black hole transition in anti de Sitter space Abstract: String stars, or Horowitz-Polchinski solutions, are string theory saddles with normalizable condensates of thermal-winding strings. In the past, string stars were offered as a possible description of stringy (Euclidean) black holes in asymptotically flat spacetime, close to the Hagedorn temperature. I will discuss the thermodynamic properties of string stars in asymptotically (thermal) anti-de Sitter background (including AdS3 with NS-NS flux), their possible connection to small black holes in AdS, and their implications for holography. I will also present new “winding-string gas” saddles for confining holographic backgrounds such as the Witten model, and their relation to the deconfined phase of 3+1 pure… |
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Speaker: Netta EngelhardtTitle: The Black Hole Information Paradox: A Resolution on the Horizon?Venue: CMSA Room G10Speaker: Netta Engelhardt (MIT) Title: The Black Hole Information Paradox: A Resolution on the Horizon? Abstract: The black hole information paradox — whether information escapes an evaporating black hole or not — remains one of the most longstanding mysteries of theoretical physics. The apparent conflict between validity of semiclassical gravity at low energies and unitarity of quantum mechanics has long been expected to find its resolution in a complete quantum theory of gravity. Recent developments in the holographic dictionary, and in particular its application to entanglement and complexity, however, have shown that a semiclassical analysis of gravitational physics can reproduce a hallmark feature of unitary evolution. I will describe this recent progress and discuss some promising indications of… |
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Speaker: Tristan CollinsTitle: Complete Calabi-Yau metrics: Recent progress and open problemsVenue: CMSA Room G10Title: Complete Calabi-Yau metrics: Recent progress and open problems Abstract: Complete Calabi-Yau metrics are fundamental objects in Kahler geometry arising as singularity models or “bubbles” in degenerations of compact Calabi-Yau manifolds. The existence of these metrics and their relationship with algebraic geometry are the subjects of several long standing conjectures due to Yau and Tian-Yau. I will describe some recent progress towards the question of existence, and explain some future directions, highlighting connections with notions of algebro-geometric stability. |
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Speaker: David GamarnikTitle: From spin glasses to Boolean circuits lower bounds – Algorithmic barriers from the overlap gap propertyVenue: CMSA Room G10Speaker: David Gamarnik (MIT) Title: From spin glasses to Boolean circuits lower bounds. Algorithmic barriers from the overlap gap property Abstract: Many decision and optimization problems over random structures exhibit an apparent gap between the existentially optimal values and algorithmically achievable values. Examples include the problem of finding a largest independent set in a random graph, the problem of finding a near ground state in a spin glass model, the problem of finding a satisfying assignment in a random constraint satisfaction problem, and many many more. Unfortunately, at the same time no formal computational hardness results exist which explains this persistent algorithmic gap. In the talk we will describe a new approach for establishing an algorithmic intractability for these problems called… |
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Speaker: Max ReppenTitle: Neural Optimal Stopping BoundaryVenue: CMSA Room G10Speaker: Max Reppen (Boston University) Title: Neural Optimal Stopping Boundary Abstract: A method based on deep artificial neural networks and empirical risk minimization is developed to calculate the boundary separating the stopping and continuation regions in optimal stopping. The algorithm parameterizes the stopping boundary as the graph of a function and introduces relaxed stopping rules based on fuzzy boundaries to facilitate efficient optimization. Several financial instruments, some in high dimensions, are analyzed through this method, demonstrating its effectiveness. The existence of the stopping boundary is also proved under natural structural assumptions. |
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Speaker: Hidenori TanakaTitle: Noether’s Learning Dynamics: Role of Symmetry Breaking in Neural NetworksVenue: CMSA Room G10Colloquium Speaker: Hidenori Tanaka (NTT Research at Harvard) Title: Noether’s Learning Dynamics: Role of Symmetry Breaking in Neural Networks Abstract: In nature, symmetry governs regularities, while symmetry breaking brings texture. In artificial neural networks, symmetry has been a central design principle, but the role of symmetry breaking is not well understood. Here, we develop a Lagrangian formulation to study the geometry of learning dynamics in neural networks and reveal a key mechanism of explicit symmetry breaking behind the efficiency and stability of modern neural networks. Then, we generalize Noether’s theorem known in physics to describe a unique symmetry breaking mechanism in learning and derive the resulting motion of the Noether charge: Noether’s Learning Dynamics (NLD). Finally, we apply… |
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Speaker: Liang FuTitle: Doping and inverting Mott insulators on semiconductor moire superlatticesVenue: CMSA Room G10Speaker: Liang Fu (MIT) Title: Doping and inverting Mott insulators on semiconductor moire superlattices Abstract: Semiconductor bilayer heterostructures provide a remarkable platform for simulating Hubbard models on an emergent lattice defined by moire potential minima. As a hallmark of Hubbard model physics, the Mott insulator state with local magnetic moments has been observed at half filling of moire band. In this talk, I will describe new phases of matter that grow out of the canonical 120-degree antiferromagnetic Mott insulator on the triangular lattice. First, in an intermediate range of magnetic fields, doping this Mott insulator gives rise to a dilute gas of spin polarons, which form a pseudogap metal. Second, the application of an electric field between… |
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Speaker: Virginia Vassilevska WilliamsTitle: Clique listing algorithmsVenue: CMSA Room G10Speaker: Virginia Vassilevska Williams (MIT) Title: Clique listing algorithms Abstract: A k-clique in a graph G is a subgraph of G on k vertices in which every pair of vertices is linked by an edge. Cliques are a natural notion of social network cohesiveness with a long history. A fundamental question, with many applications, is “How fast can one list all k-cliques in a given graph?”. Even just detecting whether an n-vertex graph contains a k-Clique has long been known to be NP-complete when k can depend on n (and hence no efficient algorithm is likely to exist for it). If k is a small constant, such as 3 or 4 (independent of n), even the brute-force algorithm… |
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Speaker: Patrick LopattoTitle: The Mobility Edge of Lévy MatricesVenue: CMSA Room G10Colloquium Speaker: Patrick Lopatto (Brown) Title: The Mobility Edge of Lévy Matrices Abstract: Lévy matrices are symmetric random matrices whose entry distributions lie in the domain of attraction of an alpha-stable law; such distributions have infinite variance when alpha is less than 2. Due to the ubiquity of heavy-tailed randomness, these models have been broadly applied in physics, finance, and statistics. When the entries have infinite mean, Lévy matrices are predicted to exhibit a phase transition separating a region of delocalized eigenvectors from one with localized eigenvectors. We will discuss the physical context for this conjecture, and describe a result establishing it for values of alpha close to zero and one. This is joint work with Amol Aggarwal… |
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Speaker: James CummingsTitle: Complete disorder is impossible: Some topics in Ramsey theoryVenue: CMSA Room G10Colloquium Title: Complete disorder is impossible: Some topics in Ramsey theory Speaker: James Cummings, Carnegie Mellon University Abstract: The classical infinite Ramsey theorem states that if we colour pairs of natural numbers using two colours, there is an infinite set all of whose pairs get the same colour. This is the beginning of a rich theory, which touches on many areas of mathematics including graph theory, set theory and dynamics. I will give an overview of Ramsey theory, emphasizing the diverse ideas which are at play in this area. |
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Speaker: Subir SachdevTitle: Quantum statistical mechanics of charged black holes and strange metalsVenue: CMSA Room G10Colloquium Please note this colloquium will be held at a special time: 4:00-5:00 pm. Speaker: Subir Sachdev (Harvard) Title: Quantum statistical mechanics of charged black holes and strange metals Abstract: The Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model was introduced as a toy model of interacting fermions without any particle-like excitations. I will describe how this toy model yields the universal low energy quantum theory of generic charged black holes in asymptotically 3+1 dimensional Minkowski space. I will also discuss how extensions of the SYK model yield a realistic theory of the strange metal phase of correlated electron systems. Slides: cmsa22 |
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Speaker: Dima SinapovaTitle: The Tree Property and uncountable cardinalsVenue: CMSA Room G10Colloquium Speaker: Dima Sinapova (Rutgers University) Title: The Tree Property and uncountable cardinals Abstract: In the late 19th century Cantor discovered that there are different levels of infinity. More precisely he showed that there is no bijection between the natural numbers and the real numbers, meaning that the reals are uncountable. He then went on to discover a whole hierarchy of infinite cardinal numbers. It is natural to ask if finitary and countably infinite combinatorial objects have uncountable analogues. It turns out that the answer is yes. We will focus on one such key combinatorial property, the tree property. A classical result from graph theory (König’s infinity lemma) shows the existence of this property for countable trees. We… |
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Speaker: Melody ChanTitle: Moduli spaces of graphsVenue: CMSA Room G10Colloquium Speaker: Melody Chan Title: Moduli spaces of graphs Abstract: A metric graph is a graph—a finite network of vertices and edges—together with a prescription of a positive real length on each edge. I’ll use the term “moduli space of graphs” to refer to certain combinatorial spaces—think simplicial complexes—that furnish parameter spaces for metric graphs. There are different flavors of spaces depending on some additional choices of decorations on the graphs, but roughly, each cell parametrizes all possible metrizations of a fixed combinatorial graph. Many flavors of these moduli spaces have been in circulation for a while, starting with the work of Culler-Vogtmann in the 1980s on Outer Space. They have also recently played an important role in… |
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Speaker: Yannai GonczarowskiTitle: Strategyproof-Exposing Mechanisms DescriptionsVenue: CMSA Room G10Colloquium Speaker: Yannai Gonczarowski (Harvard) Title: Strategyproof-Exposing Mechanisms Descriptions Abstract: One of the crowning achievements of the field of Mechanism Design has been the design and usage of the so-called “Deferred Acceptance” matching algorithm. Designed in 1962 and awarded the Nobel Prize in 2012, this algorithm has been used around the world in settings ranging from matching students to schools to matching medical doctors to residencies. A hallmark of this algorithm is that unlike many other matching algorithms, it is “strategy-proof”: participants can never gain by misreporting their preferences (say, over schools) to the algorithm. Alas, this property is far from apparent from the algorithm description. Its mathematical proof is so delicate and complex, that (for example) school… |
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Speaker: David NelsonTitle: Statistical Mechanics of Mutilated Sheets and ShellsVenue: VirtualAbstract: Understanding deformations of macroscopic thin plates and shells has a long and rich history, culminating with the Foeppl-von Karman equations in 1904, a precursor of general relativity characterized by a dimensionless coupling constant (the “Foeppl-von Karman number”) that can easily reach vK = 10^7 in an ordinary sheet of writing paper. However, thermal fluctuations in thin elastic membranes fundamentally alter the long wavelength physics, as exemplified by experiments that twist and bend individual atomically-thin free-standing graphene sheets (with vK = 10^13!) A crumpling transition out of the flat phase for thermalized elastic membranes has been predicted when kT is large compared to the microscopic bending stiffness, which could have interesting consequences for Dirac cones of electrons embedded… |
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Speaker: Venkatesan GuruswamiTitle: Long common subsequences between bit-strings and the zero-rate threshold of deletion-correcting codesVenue: VirtualSpeaker: Venkatesan Guruswami, UC Berkeley Title: Long common subsequences between bit-strings and the zero-rate threshold of deletion-correcting codes Abstract: Suppose we transmit n bits on a noisy channel that deletes some fraction of the bits arbitrarily. What’s the supremum p* of deletion fractions that can be corrected with a binary code of non-vanishing rate? Evidently p* is at most 1/2 as the adversary can delete all occurrences of the minority bit. It was unknown whether this simple upper bound could be improved, or one could in fact correct deletion fractions approaching 1/2. We show that there exist absolute constants A and delta > 0 such that any subset of n-bit strings of size exp((log n)^A) must contain two strings with a common subsequence… |
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Speaker: Yuri ManinTitle: Quantisation in monoidal categories and quantum operadsVenue: VirtualAbstract: The standard definition of symmetries of a structure given on a set S (in the sense of Bourbaki) is the group of bijective maps S to S, compatible with this structure. But in fact, symmetries of various structures related to storing and transmitting information (such as information spaces) are naturally embodied in various classes of loops such as Moufang loops, – nonassociative analogs of groups. The idea of symmetry as a group is closely related to classical physics, in a very definite sense, going back at least to Archimedes. When quantum physics started to replace classical, it turned out that classical symmetries must also be replaced by their quantum versions, e.g. quantum groups. In this talk we explain how to… |
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Speaker: Johannes KleinerTitle: What is Mathematical Consciousness Science?Venue: VirtualAbstract: In the last three decades, the problem of consciousness – how and why physical systems such as the brain have conscious experiences – has received increasing attention among neuroscientists, psychologists, and philosophers. Recently, a decidedly mathematical perspective has emerged as well, which is now called Mathematical Consciousness Science. In this talk, I will give an introduction and overview of Mathematical Consciousness Science for mathematicians, including a bottom-up introduction to the problem of consciousness and how it is amenable to mathematical tools and methods. |
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Speaker: Rob LeighTitle: Edge Modes and GravityVenue: VirtualAbstract: In this talk I first review some of the many appearances of localized degrees of freedom — edge modes — in a variety of physical systems. Edge modes are implicated for example in quantum entanglement and in various topological and holographic dualities. I then review recent work in which it has been realized that a careful treatment of such modes, paying attention to relevant symmetries, is required in order to properly understand such basic physical quantities as Noether charges. From many points of view, it is conjectured that this physics may be pointing at basic properties of quantum spacetimes and gravity. |
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Speaker: Joel CohenTitle: Fluctuation scaling or Taylor’s law of heavy-tailed data, illustrated by U.S. COVID-19 cases and deathsVenue: VirtualAbstract: Over the last century, ecologists, statisticians, physicists, financial quants, and other scientists discovered that, in many examples, the sample variance approximates a power of the sample mean of each of a set of samples of nonnegative quantities. This power-law relationship of variance to mean is known as a power variance function in statistics, as Taylor’s law in ecology, and as fluctuation scaling in physics and financial mathematics. This survey talk will emphasize ideas, motivations, recent theoretical results, and applications rather than detailed proofs. Many models intended to explain Taylor’s law assume the probability distribution underlying each sample has finite mean and variance. Recently, colleagues and I generalized Taylor’s law to samples from probability distributions with infinite mean or… |